Selfsensing concrete in smart structures baoguo han. Piezoresistive cementbased strain sensors and selfsensing concrete components, journal of. Generating an epub file may take a long time, please be patient. Experimental and numerical investigation of the performance. Application of such composites enable to improve the safety and performance of structures. From this training, the esr will acquire broad knowledge and expertise in the emerging field of smart construction materials, with specific reference to selfsensing concretes and asphalts, and in the area of shm of ageing civil infrastructure currently attracting a tremendous interest worldwide. New smart materials to address issues of structural health.
The self sensing concrete has great potential in the fields of structural health monitoring, traffic detection, and bordermilitary security. Wherever possible, we tend to give reasons as to why a particular cement type is more suitable for a given purpose than other types. Selfsensing concrete in smart structures 1st edition. Smart concrete is capable of sensing very small structural flaws and hence finds application in checking the internal condition of structures, particularly after an earthquake. Selfsensing or monitoring concrete refers to the material that can monitor its condition and identify any damage, whilst maintaining or improving the mechanical. Han bg, x yu, jp ou 2014 selfsensing concrete in smart structures.
However, due to the degeneration of material, impact by the service environment and lack of health monitoring, many concrete structures are in the state of. The geopolymer nanocomposites prepared exhibited ultrahigh selfsensing performance based on the unique behaviors of sio2 coating on. This can detect stress or strain in concrete structures. In this work, two types of concrete were manufactured. Selfsensing concrete in smart structures 1st edition elsevier. Selfsensing performance of mwcntlow density polyethylene. It can be embedded in reinforced or prestressed concrete structures and used to monitor localized damage. Published 18 march 2008 iop publishing ltd smart materials and structures, volume 17, number 3. Piezoresistive cementbased strain sensors and selfsensing concrete components, journal of intelligent material systems and structures, 20, 329336 3. This smart material provides a basis for creating an intelligent.
We reveal different types of cement products, their compositions, properties, and typical uses. The book s two part treatment begins with the compositions of intrinsic self sensing concrete, processing of intrinsic self sensing concrete, fundamental sensing mechanism, measurement, and sensing properties of intrinsic self sensing concrete. In this work, a coating strategy on carbon nanotubes cnts was employed for the dispersion of cnts in geopolymer matrix. Structural health monitoring, intrinsic self sensing concrete,carbon nanotubes, nanotechnology, two. The selfsensing concrete also called intrinsic selfsensing concrete, selfmonitoring concrete, intrinsically smart concrete, piezoresistive or pressuresensitive concrete is fabricated through adding functional fillers carbon fibers, steel fibers, carbon nanotubes, etc. Shi k and chung d d l, piezoelectricitybased selfsensing of compressive and flexural stress in cementbased materials without any admixture requirement and without poling, smart materials and structures, vol 27, no 10, 2018, pp 105011 20 pp. Characterization of thin disk piezoresistive smart material. Loadbearing capacity of flexural reinforced concrete. The selfsensing ability of cementitious materials with conductive particles for. Smart structures and materials field applications and case studies. Smart sensing technologies including the applications of fibre. Selfsensing materials, also known as a specialized type of smart materials, can be created by altering their nano and microstructures in order to transduce states of interests into measurable or observable.
Development of new sensors specifically for concrete structures in smart structures and dynamics lab, indian institute of technology delhi, is also presented. The experimental results revealed the effectiveness and robustness of the embedded sensing system to continue to provide reliable dynamic strain measurements well beyond. This book is for readers who want to become wellversed in the most important current research in the field of modern cement and concrete. For example, to evaluate the global behaviors of concrete structures, such as. Ber t sluys chair computational mechanics applied mechanics. Includes selfsensing of condition and automatic notification, as needed, and self healing. Giant magnetoresistance scanning of magnetic selfsensing composites. As a response, researchers and designers are developing self sensing concrete which not only increases longevity but also the strength of the material. However, current formulations and methods for producing these multifunctional cement composites require specialized equipment, are labor, time, and capital intensive, and.
Therefore, selfsensing concrete can provide useful input to ensure the safety, durability, serviceability, and sustainability of infrastructures. Structural health monitoring shm aims to develop automated systems for the continuous monitoring, inspection, and damage detection of structures with minimum labour involvement. Mechanical and electrical characterisation of steel fiber and. Multifunctional cement composites with loadbearing and self. Environmentfriendly, selfsensing concrete blended with. In addition, selfsensing concrete can be integrated into pavement structures to detect traffic parameters including traffic flow rates, vehicular speed, traffic density, and weighing in motion. It is also called as selfmonitoring or piezoresistive or pressuresensitive or intrinsically smart concrete. Development of smart concrete for structural health monitoring shm of. The problem is that over time the material becomes weaker. Monitoring and assessment of the health of a civil structural material are the critical requirements to ensure its safety and durability.
Selfsensing concrete enabled by nanoengineered cement. This might be due to the significant irreversible damages caused in the specimen structure, and. This paper is one of the 25 most cited papers in the 25year history of the journal smart materials and structures. Read selfsensing concrete in smart structures by baoguo han,xun yu. Smart sensing technologies for structural health monitoring. Abdullah civil engineering department, co llege of engineering, universit y of sulaimani, sulaimani, iraq. Structural control of a three story building using selfpowered and selfsensing mr. Compositions of intrinsic selfsensing concrete and processing of. Ship hydrostatics and stability is a complete guide to understanding ship hydrostatics in ship design and ship performance, taking you from first principles through basic and applied theory to contemporary mathematical techniques for hydrostatic modeling and analysis. Self sensing concrete in smart structures provides researchers and designers with a guide to the composition, sensing mechanism, measurement, and sensing properties of self healing concrete along with their structural applications. The diameters of cnts are in the range of 120 nm the lengths are in the range of 0. Introduction because of the past success at the university of houston demonstrating that self consolidating carbon nanofiber concrete sccnfc can be used as a strain sensor gao et al. Purchase self sensing concrete in smart structures 1st edition. Based on previous literature it is known, that various materials and sensors have been.
Chung from state university of new york at buffalo, u. An ecc is a damage tolerant concrete, exhibiting a high tensile strain capacity in excess 3% and a controllable crack width self sensing cnt concrete pavement system has great potential in detecting many kinds of important traffic data such as traffic flow rates, vehicular speed, and traffic density. Smart concrete admixtures, internal curing, selfsealing, selfhealing, carbon based fillers, nanofibers, nanotubes, layered double hydroxides, nano and microcapsules, selfhealing polymers for concrete effects of smart admixtures on fresh and hardened concrete properties modelling and service life. Fiberreinforced concrete smart materials and smart sensors aci fall 2011 convention october 16 20, cincinnati, oh aci web sessions antoine naaman, faci, is a professor in the department of civil and environmental engineering at the university of michigan. This smart material can help us develop intelligent infrastructure integrated with sensing and health monitoring abilities, thus improving serviceability, safety, reliability and durability of the infrastructures. Robotically developed selfsensing repair materials for concrete structures. Selfsensing concrete in smart structures baoguo han, xun yu and jinping ou by. Smart concrete, sensors and selfsensing concrete structures. Selfsensing concrete is a smart concrete technology that can sense the stress, strain, and damage in itself.
Selfsensing concrete is a branch of smart concrete, which was the earliest proposed and has been systematically and deeply investigated. Selfhealing composites are composite materials capable of automatic recovery when damaged. They are inspired by biological systems such as the human skin which are naturally able to heal themselves. Selfsensing concrete in smart structures baoguo han, xun yu and jinping ou. Shi k and chung d d l, piezoelectricitybased self sensing of compressive and flexural stress in cementbased materials without any admixture requirement and without poling, smart materials and structures, vol 27, no 10, 2018, pp 105011 20 pp. Jun 23, 2015 as a response, researchers and designers are developing self sensing concrete which not only increases longevity but also the strength of the material.
Highperformance materials for substructures, foundations, and earth retaining systems workshop. The structures will become very resilient, and can continuously recover most of their original integrity and mechanical loading capacity. Jun, 2017 the physical parameters of self sensing concrete will change as it is subjected to external force, deformation, or environmental action, thus presenting sensing capability. An ecc is a damage tolerant concrete, exhibiting a high tensile strain capacity in excess 3% and a controllable crack width files. Some bigger beams are prepared for experiments in the near future. Visual indication of mechanical damage using coreshell. Selfsensing concrete in smart structures request pdf. Department of civil and environmental engineering of. Monitoring of frp strengthened concrete structures using fbg sensors. Purchase selfsensing concrete in smart structures 1st edition. Selfsensing concrete in smart structures sciencedirect. Introduction concrete is one of the most used construction materials. The last section of the paper dwells upon futuristic applications of smart materials in concrete structures such as self healing and renewable energy generation.
Introduction because of the past success at the university of houston demonstrating that selfconsolidating carbon nanofiber concrete sccnfc can be used as a strain sensor gao et al. These materials enable to create the socalled smart concrete exhibiting selfsensing ability. Through inference of the load versus strain response, the ability of the self sensing sleeper to detect damage concrete cracking and loss of ballast support was evaluated. Smart materials and structures 2019, 28 10, 105002. Clear and concise, self sensing concrete in structural design provide a systematic discussion on the structures of intrinsic self sensing concrete. Application of nanomaterials in production of selfsensing. Ready to be applied and under development products. Selfsensing concrete in smart structures baoguo han, xun.
Materials free fulltext selfhealing in cementitious. Effect of wollastonite on the ablation resistance of epdm based elastomeric heat shielding materials for solid rocket motors. Figure 6 atomic structure of singlewalled and multiwalled cnt. Selfsensing concrete is a smart concrete technology that can sense the. Therefore, it is necessary to take reasonable measures to monitor the state of. Thanks to its electrical resistance, selfsensing concrete has been. Concrete with selfsensing properties sciencedirect. For the nonintrinsic selfsensing concrete, as the name implies, external sensors or actuators such as strain gauges,21. Dry was the first who proposed the intentional introduction of selfhealing properties in concrete. Through inference of the load versus strain response, the ability of the selfsensing sleeper to detect damage concrete cracking and loss of ballast support was evaluated. This concept has been proposed for concrete structures, these socalled smart concretes that are concretes doped with suitable nano or microinclusions, capable of providing the material with electrical conductivity and piezoresistive strain sensing properties 32, 33, 34.
Applications of smart materials in structural engineering. Selfsensing concrete has a wide application in civil infrastructures such as. Smart cement composites for durable and intelligent. Development of carbon nanofiber aggregate for concrete. Durable, smart, selfhealing and selfsensing concrete new structures. Upon a brief introduction to smart structures and natureinspired systems, a.
Through the measurement of such electrical characteristics, the performance and the working conditions of an element or a structure can be monitored. Smart concrete admixtures, internal curing, self sealing, self healing, carbon based fillers, nanofibers, nanotubes, layered double hydroxides, nano and microcapsules, self healing polymers for concrete effects of smart admixtures on fresh and hardened concrete properties modelling and service life. Synthesis and characterization of cementcarbonnanotube. Concrete type 2 was manufactured using carbon nanotubes, to generate piezoresistivity effect on the samples.
Nov 24, 2016 addition of conductive additives, such as carbon nanotubes cnts to cementitious composites attributes both loadbearing and damage self sensing properties to the composites. Advances in modern cement and concrete nova science. Read selfsensing concrete in smart structures online by baoguo. Self sensing or smart behavior has been observed in mortar or concrete with the addition of small amounts 0. Han bg, x yu, jp ou 2014 self sensing concrete in smart structures. Lis research also combines nanotechnologies, micromechanics and structural health monitoring techniques to create smart, multifunctional selfsensing infrastructure materials. Heames 2020 provides an ideal platform for innovative industry and practitioners, leading researchers, technology developers, and sup. The sensing response of concrete with nickel powder is stable and reversible within the elastic regime, so the concrete can serve as stressstrain sensors 50. Smart concrete produced from cnts carbon nanotubes cnts are seamless tubular structures. However, these repair works raise the lifecycle cost of concrete as they are labor intensive and because the structure becomes in disuse during repair. Smart structural materials, engineering, construction, and operations in challenging environments. The self sensing ability of cementitious materials with conductive particles for structural health monitoring shm gained a lot of interest in the last few decades.
Characterization of thin disk piezoresistive smart. Mechanical and electrical characterisation of steel fiber. Chung, carbon fibre reinforced concrete as an intrinsically smart concrete for damage assessment during static and dynamic loading, aci materials journal, julyaugust 1996,title no. Selfsensing concrete in smart structures ebook by baoguo han. Highperformance materials for substructures, foundations. Traffic monitoring with a self sensing concrete nanotechnology road surface nanowerk spotlight many communities in the u. Smart bricks for strain sensing and crack detection in. Chung, carbon fiber reinforced concrete as a smart material capable of nondestructive flaw detection, smart mater. Three part methylmethacrylate adhesion system as an internal delivery system for smart responsive concretes, smart materials and structures, 1996, pp.
He is a member of aci committees 363, highstrength concrete. Effect of microwave heating on the piezoresistivity of smart. Jinping ou, in selfsensing concrete in smart structures, 2014. Selfsensing concrete nanocomposites for smart structures. Ear program research results updated through 2016 pdf version 1. Safety of concrete structures is an important problem being paid attention to at all times in civil engineering field. This would be beneficial for traffic management and control, and health monitoring and condition assessment of infrastructures. Concepts of intelligent concrete structures this paper presents the concept of intelligent reinforced concrete structure ircs using shape memory.
As far as we are aware, this is the first time that 3d printable selfsensing repairs for concrete substrates have been demonstrated. Therefore, it is necessary to take reasonable measures to monitor the state of concrete structures. Intrinsic self sensing concrete issc is an ideal engineering material for addressing this issue. The unique benefit of smart concrete is that it is fortified by carbon fiber, which comprises as much as 0. Seismic design of reinforced concrete structures for controlled inelastic response comite eurointernational du beton ceb by. Jan 03, 2016 concrete is the second most used building material in the world after water. The first step to set up a shm system is to incorporate a level of structural sensing capability that is reliable and possesses long term stability. Application of nanomaterials in transportation engineering. Self sensing concrete in smart structures provides researchers and designers with a guide to the composition, sensing mechanism, measurement, and sensing properties of self healing concrete. Development of self sensing concrete and its various possible. Smart structures have attracted significant research attention in the last. Selfsensing concrete in smart structures provides researchers and designers with a guide to the composition, sensing mechanism, measurement, and sensing properties of selfhealing concrete along with their structural applications. This research is just the first step in the investigation of the application of smart materials in structural engineering. To extend the service life of reinforced concrete structures by limiting the spread of cracks, and to reduce the environmental impact of.
Concrete type 1 was manufactured without cnt load, in order to find an optimal relationship between the workability of the concrete and the use of surfactants. We first discuss cement production and special nomenclature used by cement industrialists in expressing the composition of their cement products. The book will be useful for students, researchers, concrete scientists and technologists, and practicing engineers. Selfsensing concrete in smart structures civil engineering. Smart concrete technology provides a new alternative way for health monitoring of reinforced concrete structures. The sensing property of selfsensing concrete refers to the relationship between electrical and mechanical properties 6. Provides a systematic discussion of the structure of intrinsic selfsensing concrete. Provides a systematic discussion of the structure of intrinsic self sensing concrete. In this perspective, an extremely attractive option is the development of multifunctional self sensing concrete ssc, also called smart concrete, able to work both as structural material and as distributed sensing system han et al. Summary of self repair technology in polymer composites.
Smart concrete technology offers an alternative method for monitoring the health of reinforced concrete structures. The figure1 below shows the structure of selfsensing concrete at. This concept has been proposed for concrete structures, these socalled smartconcretes that are concretes doped with suitable nano or microinclusions, capable of providing the material with electrical conductivity and piezore. Request pdf on aug 26, 2014, baoguo han and others published selfsensing concrete in smart structures find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. C u r r i c u l u m v i t a e dipartimento di ingegneria. During the design of a structure it should be designed in.
In this paper, the piezoresistivity of two kinds of smart concrete filled with carbon black or carbon fiber was studied, and two types of embedded sensors were fabricated using the smart concrete with favorable piezoresistivity. The geopolymer nanocomposites prepared exhibited ultrahigh self sensing performance based on the unique behaviors of sio2 coating on. Self sensing cfgfrp rods as mechanical reinforcement and sensors of concrete beams can be considered too invasive since, to be effective, they require the insertion of sensors near important structural positions and, moreover, the assistance of highly skilled personnel to be involved in their manipulation. Smart concrete is a very broad category of material that includes selfsensing concrete, selfadjusting concrete, selfhealing concrete, etc. Applications for this technology include remotelydeployable, retrofitted repairs and continuous monitoring solutions for existing structures in hazardous construction, nuclear or oil and gas environments. Structural health monitoring using lamb wave reflections. A concrete beam specimen with reinforced sma cables and with embedded pzt patches is fabricated and experiments are performed to demonstrate its ability of self sensing and self rehabilitation. Lu and xie exploited the smart hand wet laidup cfrp sheets embedded with the fbg sensor to strengthen the rc beams, and. Effect of microwave heating on the piezoresistivity of. As wide cracks endanger the durability, repair may be required. One factor that may contribute to the global smart concrete market is the widespread use of concrete as a composite material and its inability to withstand tension. Pdf monitoring of frp strengthened concrete structures. Several studies have demonstrated the ability of guided waves to be used as a damage sensing method in composite materials and metals. Recent advances in nanotechnology have led to development of new family of sensors selfsensing materials.
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